World Pneumonia Day: Stop feeding pigeons! Mumbai doctors highlight how the bird's droppings are causing lung infection

As Mumbai slowly settles into its winter, doctors warn about the rise in pneumonia cases, but more than that, they highlight the possibility of getting it through pigeons. Incidentally, World Pneumonia Day is observed on November 12 every year around the world to raise awareness about the need for prevention and treatment of the lung infection.

Firstly, what is pneumonia? Dr. Sulaiman Ladhani, pulmonologist at Wockhardt Hospitals in Mumbai Central, explains, "Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other microorganisms. The common types are bacterial, viral, and fungal pneumonia."

While pneumonia is usually found to be on the rise during the winter months, feeding pigeons is another reason that Mumbai doctors highlight as the reason for the cause of hypersensitive pneumonia. On more than one occasion, Thane Municipal Corporation has put up posters in the last few years warning people against feeding pigeons.

With the winter season almost here, mid-day.com spoke to Dr Revathy Kodakkal, consultant - Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Holy Family Hospital in Bandra and Dr Ladhani to know more about the infection. They not only highlighted the causes but also effects and treatment of the respiratory disease. The Mumbai experts also warn about how people can get pneumonia because of pigeons.

What are the causes of pneumonia, and what are the different types?
Kodakkal: Bacterial pneumonia, commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is prevalent, while viral pneumonia often results from influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Fungal pneumonia is less common, mostly affecting individuals with weakened immune systems.

Which is the season known to see a spike in pneumonia cases?
Kodakkal: Winter months typically see a spike in pneumonia cases due to increased indoor gatherings and a higher incidence of respiratory infections.

What are the signs and symptoms to recognise pneumonia? Can the symptoms be confused with any other disease?
Kodakkal: The symptoms of pneumonia include high fever, chills, cough with phlegm, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. Since these symptoms can resemble other respiratory infections, like bronchitis or the flu, which sometimes delays diagnosis, fatigue and muscle pain can also add to the confusion with viral infections.

Ladhani: The symptoms can sometimes resemble the flu or bronchitis, which can delay diagnosis. A medical evaluation, often including a chest X-ray, helps confirm pneumonia.

Which age group is most affected by pneumonia? Does it also affect one gender more than another?
Kodakkal: Pneumonia most commonly affects young children under five and older adults over 65, especially those with underlying health conditions. It does not appear to impact one gender more than the other, though lifestyle factors may increase susceptibility.

Ladhani: Elderly individuals often face higher risks due to weaker immune systems. While it can affect all genders, men, especially older men with preexisting conditions, may experience more severe cases.

What are the short-term and long-term effects of pneumonia?
Kodakkal: Short-term effects include fever, cough, and respiratory distress, which can generally resolve with treatment. Long-term complications are more common in elderly patients and those with weakened immune systems.

Ladhani: Long-term effects can include lung scarring and reduced lung function, especially in severe or repeated cases. People with chronic lung conditions or weakened immune systems might face recurrent pneumonia.

Which section of the population is most vulnerable to pneumonia?
Ladhani: Vulnerable groups include young children, elderly individuals, those with chronic illnesses (like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), smokers, and those with weakened immune systems, such as people with HIV or undergoing chemotherapy.

Do people take pneumonia for granted?
Kodakkal: Yes, people often underestimate pneumonia, mistaking it for a common cold or flu. This can lead to delayed treatment, worsening the infection, and increasing the risk of severe complications. Pneumonia can be life-threatening if left untreated, particularly in high-risk groups, so it's crucial to take symptoms seriously.

What are the treatment options for pneumonia?
Kodakkal: Treatment depends on the cause: antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia, antiviral medications for certain viral pneumonias, and antifungal treatments for fungal types.

Should people self-medicate or when should they visit the doctor?
Kodakkal: Self-medication is not recommended, as inappropriate drugs can worsen the condition.

Ladhani: A doctor's visit is crucial if symptoms like high fever, chest pain, or persistent cough occur.

There have been reports in the last year about pneumonia cases due to pigeons in Mumbai. What is the connection between the two?
Kodakkal: Pigeon droppings contain fungi and bacteria, like Chlamydia psittaci, which can cause respiratory infections, including a type known as "bird fancier's lung" or hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Inhaling these microorganisms can lead to lung inflammation and even pneumonia in susceptible individuals.

Ladhani: The respiratory condition related to pigeon droppings is hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which is not the same as bacterial or viral pneumonia. If left untreated, hypersensitivity pneumonitis can lead to irreversible lung scarring and drying. This issue has been ongoing for quite some time, especially in areas where people regularly feed pigeons and spend time among them. Being in close quarters with pigeons, particularly in areas with a high pigeon population, is a common cause of this condition.

Has Mumbai seen a spike in cases of pneumonia due to pigeons?
Ladhani: Yes, Mumbai has seen increased respiratory infections linked to pigeons in certain areas.

What are the preventive measures?
Kodakkal: Follow these steps:
1. Don't feed pigeons and discourage others from doing so too.
2. Place pigeon nets on balconies and windows where they visit.
3. Avoid keeping other birds as pets.
4. Visit your pulmonologist for persistent cough or breathlessness.

Ladhani: Preventive measures also include wearing masks to reduce exposure to pigeon droppings and avoiding areas with large pigeon populations.

What are the different kinds of foods that people can eat to prevent pneumonia and after suffering from pneumonia?
Kodakkal: For prevention, a diet rich in vitamins A, C, and E along with foods high in antioxidants - like citrus fruits, berries, and leafy greens - can support immune health. After a pneumonia diagnosis, focus on hydration and nutrient-dense foods like soups, broths, and soft fruits to aid recovery. Foods with antiinflammatory properties, such as ginger and turmeric, can also be beneficial.

Ladhani: A diet rich in protein, adequate hydration, and rest are important for recovery from pneumonia. Foods that support immune health include those high in protein, such as lean meats, legumes, and dairy. Staying hydrated is also crucial, as it aids in overall respiratory health and recovery.