Understanding India's falling fertility: FAQs answered by health expert

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In a world where fertility is often taken for granted, the harsh reality of infertility can be a challenging pill to swallow. Seeking to demystify the complex web of factors contributing to infertility in young males and females, we turn to the expertise of Dr. Monica Jani, a distinguished gynaecologist and obstetrician at Bhailal Amin General Hospital. Here's what she had to say:

What are the primary factors that can contribute to infertility in men and women?

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Primary factors contributing to infertility in both men and women include cervical, tubal, uterine and ovarian issues in women and pretesticular, testicular, and post-testicular factors in men. Both sexes can be affected by lifestyle factors such as diet, obesity, smoking, alcoholism and exposure to chemicals. Genetics also play a role, with inherited disorders or chromosomal abnormalities potentially impacting fertility. Advanced age and stress are additional factors affecting fertility.

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What is the average dip in fertility rate among young adults?

The average dip in fertility rate among young adults is influenced by various factors, but it's essential to note that infertility affects about 10 to 15 per cent of couples. While specific statistics regarding the average dip in fertility rate among young adults may vary, lifestyle choices, environmental factors and delayed childbearing contribute to this decline.

How diet, lifestyle and environmental factors influence fertility rate

Diet, lifestyle and environmental factors significantly influence fertility rates. Obesity can lead to anovulation in women and decrease sperm quality in men. Compulsive exercise can similarly affect ovulation in women and sperm count in men. Smoking, alcoholism, exposure to chemicals and drug usage impact fertility in both partners. These factors underscore the importance of a healthy lifestyle and minimizing exposure to harmful substances for optimal fertility.

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Do genetics play a role in fertility, both in terms of male and female?

Yes, genetics play a role in fertility for both men and women. Inherited disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and mutations can impact reproductive health. These genetic factors may affect various aspects of fertility, including hormone regulation, gamete production and embryo development, highlighting the importance of genetic screening and counselling in fertility assessment and treatment.

How common are issues with sperm quality among men?

Issues with sperm quality are relatively common among men, with various factors contributing to decreased sperm quality. These factors include testicular factors like testicular failure, trauma, and varicocele, as well as lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcoholism, and exposure to environmental toxins. Additionally, genetic factors and advanced age can also affect sperm quality. However, advancements in fertility treatments offer options for addressing issues with sperm quality and improving the chances of conception.

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