Arjun Kapoor reveals suffering from Hashimoto’s disease: What is it?

Arjun Kapoor (File Pic/Instagram)

In a recent interview, Arjun Kapoor opened up about his health issues, revealing that he is suffering from an autoimmune disorder called Hashimoto's disease, which has led to weight concerns for the actor.

"I have something called Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Your antibodies fight against you. It's almost like I can take a flight and gain weight because the body goes into stress," he told The Hollywood Reporter. The actor also revealed that the condition runs in his family.

What is this autoimmune disorder? How does it affect the body? What are its symptoms? Let's find out.

Hashimoto's disease and its impact on the body

Hashimoto's disease is a common yet often overlooked condition that can impact a person's quality of life if left untreated. Explaining the condition, Dr. Sonali Shivaji Kagne, Consultant - Endocrinology, Sir HN Reliance Foundation Hospital, Mumbai, says, "Hashimoto's disease, also known as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, is a chronic autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland."

She further informs, "The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck, and it plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels and overall hormonal balance. In Hashimoto's disease, the immune attack gradually damages the thyroid tissue, leading to reduced production of thyroid hormones, a condition known as hypothyroidism. Over time, this autoimmune response can cause the thyroid to become inflamed and enlarged, a condition referred to as goiter."

Symptoms to look out for

"Hashimoto's disease often develops slowly, and the symptoms can be subtle initially, making it challenging to diagnose early," says Dr. Kagne.

However, some common symptoms include:

• Fatigue and weakness: Persistent tiredness even after adequate rest
• Weight gain: Unexplained weight gain despite no change in diet or physical activity
• Cold sensitivity: Increased sensitivity to cold temperatures
• Dry skin and hair loss: Skin may become dry, and hair may thin or fall out
• Constipation: Digestive issues are common due to slowed metabolism
• Depression or mood changes: Low thyroid hormone levels can impact mood and mental health
• Irregular menstrual cycles: Women may experience heavier or irregular periods
• Muscle and joint pain: Aching muscles or stiffness, often unexplained

Risk factors for Hashimoto's disease

While this autoimmune condition is often genetic, several factors may increase the likelihood of developing Hashimoto's disease. Dr. Kagne informs, "Genetic factors contribute to 70 per cent of the risk of development of Hashimoto's disease, whereas environmental factors probably precipitate the disease in genetically susceptible individuals, contributing to 30 per cent of the risk."

Some risk factors are:

• Gender and age: Women are at least five to eight times more likely than men to develop Hashimoto's disease, especially during middle age.
• Family history: If you have a family member with thyroid disease or other autoimmune disorders (for example, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes), your risk may be higher.
• Existing autoimmune conditions: People with autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease or lupus are at an increased risk of developing Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
• High iodine intake: Excessive iodine consumption may trigger thyroid inflammation in susceptible individuals.
• Radiation exposure: Past exposure to radiation, whether from medical treatments or environmental factors, can increase the risk of thyroid disorders.

Also Read: Consuming too much salt? It's harming your health, say experts

Is Hashimoto's disease Treatable?

While there is no cure for Hashimoto's disease, it is highly treatable, and the symptoms can be effectively managed. "With appropriate treatment, patients can lead normal, healthy lives. However, lifelong medication and follow-up with an endocrinologist are usually necessary, as Hashimoto's disease is a chronic condition," notes Dr. Kagne.

Living with Hashimoto's disease

While medication is essential for treating Hashimoto's disease, its management goes beyond that. According to Dr. Kagne, a holistic approach can help minimise symptoms and improve overall well-being.

• Balanced diet: Eating a well-rounded diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins can support overall health.
• Regular exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity helps combat fatigue, manage weight and boost mood. Aim for a mix of cardio, strength training and flexibility exercises.
• Stress management: Chronic stress can exacerbate autoimmune conditions. Practices like yoga, meditation or mindfulness can help reduce stress levels.
• Routine check-ups: Regular follow-ups with your endocrinologist are crucial to monitor thyroid function and adjust medication as needed.

Disclaimer: This is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a qualified expert for personalised guidance.