Japan's Nikkei index has its worst day in decades as world markets quake over risks to US economy

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Japan's benchmark stock index plunged 12.4 per cent on Monday, compounding a global market rout set off by investor concerns that the US economy could be headed for recession.

A report Friday showing hiring by US employers slowed last month by much more than expected has convulsed financial markets, vanquishing the euphoria that had taken the Nikkei 225 to all-times highs of over 42,000 in recent weeks.

The shakeup began just a couple of days after US stock indexes had jumped to their best day in months after Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell set the stage for possible rate cuts to begin in September.

But after Friday's jobs report, worries are rising the Fed may have kept its main interest rate at a two-decade high for too long, raising risks of a recession in the world's largest economy. A rate cut would make it less expensive for US households and companies to borrow money, but it could take time for the effects to boost the economy.

Until Friday, there had been relatively few huge market swings in the past year.

A bonanza around artificial intelligence technology helped drive Big Tech stocks higher, while other areas of the market held up amid rising hopes for coming cuts to interest rates by the Federal Reserve. But professional investors have been warning that shakier times may be ahead given uncertainty about how quickly the Fed will cut interest rates and other big questions.

On Monday, the Nikkei closed down 4,451.28 points at 31,458.42. It had dropped 5.8 per cent on Friday, making this its worst two-day decline ever. Its worst single-day rout was a plunge of 3,836 points, or 14.9 per cent, on October 19, 1987, a global markets crash that was dubbed "Black Monday" but proved to be only a temporary setback despite fears it might have augured a worldwide downturn.

European markets also opened lower Monday, with Germany's DAX down 2.3 per cent at 17,267.00. The CAC 40 in Paris lost 1.9 per cent to 7,114.33 and the FTSE 100 in London was 2.1 per cent lower at 8,004.19.

Darkening the outlook for trading on Wall Street, early Monday the future for the S&P 500 was 2.5 per cent lower and that for the Dow Jones Industrial Average was down 1.6 per cent.

Share prices have fallen in Tokyo since the Bank of Japan raised its benchmark interest rate on Wednesday. The Nikkei is now down 3.8 per cent from a year ago.

The Japanese yen also has fallen sharply, trading at 142.37 yen, down from 146.45 late Friday and sharply below its level of over 160 yen a few weeks ago.

The euro rose to USD 1.0952 from USD 1.0923.

The latest setback has hit markets heavily weighted toward computer chipmakers like Samsung Electronics and other technology shares: on Monday, South Korea's Kospi plummeted more than 9 per cent as Samsung's shares sank 10.3 per cent. It closed 8.8 per cent lower at 2,441.55.

Taiwan's Taiex also crumbled, losing 8.4 per cent as Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., the world's biggest chip maker, dropped 9.8 per cent.

"To put it mildly, the spike in volatility-of-volatility is a spectacle that underlines just how jittery markets have become," Stephen Innes of SPI Asset Management said in a commentary. "The real question now looms: Can the typical market reflex to sell volatility or buy the market dip prevail over the deep-seated anxiety brought on by this sudden and sharp recession scare?" The VIX, an index that measures how worried investors are about upcoming drops for the S&P 500, was up about 26per cent as of early Monday. Bitcoin which recently had surged to nearly USD 70,000, was down 16per cent at USD 53,160.00.

Oil prices slipped, with US benchmark crude oil giving up 74 cents to USD 72.78 per barrel. Brent crude, the international standard, lost 67 cents to USD 76.14 per barrel.

Investors will be watching for data on the US services sector from the US Institute for Supply Management due later Monday that may help determine if the sell-offs around the world are an overreaction, Yeap Jun Rong of IG said in a report.

Even though worries over weakness in the US economy and volatile markets have rippled around the world, the US economy is still growing, and a recession is far from a certainty.

But the mood was decidedly dark.

Hong Kong's Hang Seng index lost 2.2 per cent to 16,579.97 and the S&P/ASX 200 in Australia declined 3.7 per cent to 7,649.60.

The Shanghai Composite index, which is somewhat insulated by capital controls from other world markets, edged higher but then gave way, losing 1.5 per cent to 2,862.56.

The S&P 500's 1.8per cent decline Friday was its first back-to-back loss of at least 1per cent since April. The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 1.5 per cent, and the Nasdaq composite fell 2.4 per cent, taking it to 10 per cent below its record set last month. That level of drop is what traders call a "correction."

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